The Problem With Film Criticism
Posted by Craig Mazin on 27 Mar 2009 at 12:39 pm | Tagged as: The Craft & Trade
I’ll get to the WGA soon.
Right now, I want to talk about film critics–and where they are failing miserably.
First, let me say that this isn’t a revenge piece for bad reviews I’ve gotten. Lord knows I’ve collected enough of them. I’ve also gotten plenty of good reviews (shocking, to be sure). Unfortunately, I have to lump them all into a big pile labelled “Irrelevant.”
The most popular sort of film criticism is really “film grading.” In film grading, the reviewer briefly summarizes the movie and then gives it a grade. I believe this kind of film criticism is absolutely useless.
Why? Because any individual’s opinion on a film is a reflection of their individual taste, and even if you want to make the argument that some people have better taste than others (true), it’s all-too-easy to point out that people of equally impressive taste often disagree about films. Violently, at that.
I directed a film called The Specials. Variety labelled it “Grade Z entertainment.” The LA Weekly named it one of the ten best films of the year. Was it either?
No.
The truth is that grading critics are no more useful to me than my friends. Hell, less useful. My friends are all pretty smart, many of them are filmmakers…so I actually feel more informed by their opinions than those of critics. But let’s say you don’t have filmmaker friends. Let’s say you’re just a guy in a small town somewhere.
It’s just as likely your taste will not intersect with those of the film critics as it will.
And since they often disagree with each other anyway, who needs ‘em?
You could use one of the grading aggregators like Rotten Tomatoes or Metacritic, but again…what’s the real value there? For instance, some movies get a 50 on Metacritic because most critics find the film mediocre. But some movies get a 50 because half the critics loved the movie and half hated it. Different story.
Rotten Tomatoes just tells you what percentage of critics seemed to like a film. Similar problem. Some movies are polarizing and end up with a big splat.
But let’s presume for the sake of argument that there’s a consensus. The grading critics all love Slumdog Millionaire, and they all hate Meet The Spartans.
Who cares? Of what value is there when there’s a consensus among graders? I don’t think those consensuses really move filmgoers to movies. Either they see ads and talk to friends and reach their own matching consensus…or they don’t.
The grading critics can serve a purpose by championing unreleased films. I grant this. But once a studio has decided to distribute Slumdog Millionaire, you know how they’re going to get people to see Slumdog Millionaire?
By advertising Slumdog Millionaire.
There’s a reason studios read all those wonderful reviews and still spend 30 million dollars on marketing.
Patrick Goldstein fell into a grading trap this week. He wrote an opinion piece about “Knowing,” and the basic gist of it was: “All the critics think Knowing is a piece of crap, so let’s try and unravel why audiences were stupid enough to see it.”
Couple of problems.
First, not all critics thought it was a piece of crap. Roger Ebert thought it was one of the greatest sci-fi films he’d ever seen. But more importantly, Patrick assumes that the general consensus of the grading critics is actually meaningful.
It is not. Just as the IQ test famously measures the ability to do well on an IQ test, the consensus of the grading critics is at best a vaguely relevant insight into the actual Quality of the film, and at worst is a distortion resulting from a flawed sample.
In the age of blogging and Facebooking and twittering, the grading critic will become more and more irrelevant.
What sort of film criticism should take its place?
Well, maybe instead of the “consumer reporting” model of film criticism, replete with calorically empty snark, film critics could actually spend more time on film analysis. Sure, it’s easier to just squat and poop, but then how are the reviews any better or less lazy than some of the movies they rip to shreds?
Or applaud, for that matter?
I don’t say this as a filmmaker (which ought to relieve some critics, who must be thinking, “Really? I’m getting lectured by the Scary Movie 7 guy?”). I say this as an audience member. As a filmgoer.
As a guy who has completely stopped reading criticism of films.
Well, not all of it.
A screenwriter pal of mine sent me a link to an article that represented a lovely ray of hope.
Here’s a bit of film criticism that I found intriguing and smart and insightful. Does it grade Marley & Me? No. Because honestly, who cares?
What it does do is talk about that film and its counter-relationship to a predominant theme in filmed entertainment: the belief that if we dream, anything is possible.
That’s a smart piece of film criticism. And while it’s as arguable as anything else, it’s about IDEAS, not nonsense. I don’t need the critics to tell me they hate the latest Adam Sandler movie. We know. We get it. And obviously, the audience disagrees and doesn’t care, so why keep bothering?
Instead, film critics, read that piece on Marley & Me, and ask yourselves this: could you write something as interesting and thoughtful as that about why Adam Sandler movies fail for you?
Eh, don’t bother answering. We know you can’t. And there are so many of you, we don’t even bothering listening to your individual points of view. We run you all through a duck press, shrug at the result…and then see whatever damn movies we want to see anyway.


That’s a political/ philosophical essay that uses a film as an example to illustrate its ideas. Its value as film criticism is secondary.
“Grading” film reviews can be useful once one gets to know a particular critic — if some guy consistently rates movies the same way I do, then I can use him as a barometer. On the other hand, ratings from unfamiliar critics are pretty useless (Rotten Tomatoes doesn’t help me at all).
There’s also the fact that a critic who’s only being paid to write capsules and assign star ratings may not be inclined to exert the effort required for a more thoughtful article.
Craig,
Yours is one of the best blogs around.
Yet this time you get it so horribly wrong.
First, your post sounds like it is written from impulse rather than reflection (“I’ll get to the WGA soon. Right now, I want to talk about film critics”).
You don’t sound like a filmgoer at all. You sound like a screenwriter.
Some filmgoers WANT people to tell them if they thought the film was any good. What answer do they want? A film analysis? No.
They want: “Great!” or “Crap!”. They want a clear – and I hate this one too – black ‘n’ white answer.
Other filmgoers – like you rightly put – don’t read reviews. This may be the same type of audience that don’t read books. Should books be banned because only a minority reads them? Come on.
I’m equally disappointed with the level of film criticism. Mostly it is either it’s high-brow academic crap, or it’s quote-frakking. I hate this, too.
And the ratings, no matter how badly they suck, if they are an attempt to anticipate the mainstream response to a movie, they have validity.
With the declining power of the major publishers, if there truly is no need for rating criticism, it will go away.
My bet: it will stay.
Craig –
Respectfully disrespecting on two points:
First, consensus film grading works, for what I need. When I get together with friends at the theater, that’s the wrong time for a philosophical analysis of a movie. I want to know if the film will excite me, move me, hold my interest. Consulting Rotten Tomatoes, along with a film’s marketing and word of mouth, helps me decide if it’s worth my time.
Second: I think the term “film critic” is inappropriate to their function, and perhaps that’s the root of your frustration. The local newspaper columnist isn’t a critic. They’re just canaries in a cinematic mineshaft. Advisers, at best; in truth, guinea pigs.
When I’m considering a deeper, more intricate film, I Google for reviews by filmmakers or others I respect. And I don’t pay $9 to see the film once. I get it on Netflix, and pause/rewind the film as many times as I want (see: Ôdishon, No Country For Old Men, There Will Be Blood, etc).
Do you feel the same way about book reviews? There’s clearly the same distinction between book reviews and literary criticism, but no one seems to slag book reviews the way they do film reviews. Maybe it’s because books don’t have much in the way of marketing, maybe it’s because no one likes picking on a dying industry, maybe it’s because no one reads book reviews to begin with, but there are any number of books I never would have read if they hadn’t been well-reviewed. For me, the same holds true for movies. I wouldn’t have seen Together without Anthony Lane’s crazily ecstatic review. As far as I remember, the only marketing was a brochure website. It would never have shown up on my friends’ Twitter feed, because my friends don’t get paid to watch movies all day. There’s a difference between a review’s impact on box office, which I agree is negligible, and its impact on an individual reader deciding what to go see. Are there any critics whose sensibilities and tastes more or less align with yours? Because those are the ones you should be reading.
Or maybe you just don’t like reading film reviews to begin with? Book reviews are at least as snarky, but I suspect you don’t have a problem with them. They do tend to focus more on craft than film reviews, but then writers know more about the craft of writing than film critics do about filmmaking. Would you be more interested in reading film reviews (not analysis or criticism, but grading) if they were written by filmmakers? Directors, screenwriters, editors? Book reviews hire novelists to write reviews, which certainly makes for more informed discussions of craft. Of course, novelists are more likely to need the money than directors or screenwriters.
In any event, I’m certainly more interested in reading and writing substantive analysis and criticism than letter-grade ratings, but I wouldn’t lay it all on reviewers’ heads. Convincing an editor to find space for something like that in print isn’t easy. Your example doesn’t quite work as a model: Conservative publications will always find space for writers who find trenchant critiques of modern liberalism in a movie about a poorly-behaved dog. I say that as someone who enjoyed the essay, and agree that it was thoughtful and more interesting than most reviews, but clearly the editors of Religion & Liberty aren’t interested in film criticism per se. The New Yorker will sometimes run pieces in a similar vein (cf. David Denby’s piece about the state of the romantic comedy), but that’s about all I can think of. Academic journals, maybe?
The Web’s no solution, at least if you want to get paid to write; online editors want bite-sized chunks of information to drive up page views. I was once hopeful that the web’s lack of space limitations would lead to more interesting criticism, but it seems like it’s leading to Twitter instead. Tweet tweet.
I really like what Ego said in Ratatouille (written, most likely, by Brad Bird):
“The hard truth we critics have to face is that the average piece of junk has more value than our criticism designating it so.”
That quote reveals a simple truth, but ultimately has little bearing on the larger issue: The public
Critics serve the public, and the public doesn’t want to hear an analysis of a film’s impact on cultural blah blah blah. The public wants critics who will do one thing:
Tell us if the movie sucked or not.
Reviews like the one you point to are intellectually interesting, but useless to the moviegoer who just wants to know if it’s worth his or her hard-earned money. It may stick in the craw of creative types who have to listen to someone trash their hard work – but that’s simply too bad.
The vast majority of the time the public wants the grade. And for good reason.
Because usually grading critics are right, and the public knows that (even when they ignore the grade because they want to see the scary killer, or the fart joke, or the famous actor get naked)
Irrelevant? Hardly.
I thought for sure the Jim Emerson article prompted you to write this. Here it is if you haven’t seen it:
http://blogs.suntimes.com/scanners/2009/03/the_lonely_critic.html
And Roger Ebert said more than once that he hated the whole arbitrary nature of the star rating system.
So some critics at least agree with you.
I was tempted to go on a rant about how most film critics actually know nothing about film theory and film history, and that’s the real problem, unlike say literary critics, but I’ll suppress the urge…
The criticism of my blog piece is, so far at least, thoughtful and analytical.
So you all get a passing grade for sure.
Couple of responses.
Karel: everything I write in here is impulsive. Also, I’m certainly not advocating the banning of film criticism. Lord, no.
Matthew: good question. I find book reviews to be far more thoughtful about the work itself. They spend more time giving background, citing the text itself and then examining the book in the context of similar works, etc. Sure, book reviews are “literary criticism lite,” but they are legitimately critical, in the sense of “thoughtful and analytical,” as opposed to “negative or judgmental.”
I haven’t found any critic who is more reliable to me than my own gut feeling after watching a trailer. And since I know that I’ve disagreed with just about every critic at one point or another, I try to be a bit more adventurous about my filmgoing. If I want to see it, I see it. Even if the critics hate it.
I loved Watchmen, for instance. Just loved it.
Of course, I can’t imagine anyone just does what the critics tell them to do. If some of you find them to be vaguely or moderately or even quite useful, I shan’t deny you your pleasures.
I would absolutely 100% in a heartbeat be excited to read reviews of movies by other filmmakers. Yes. Yes. A thousand times yes.
Now if I could just round up some venture capital, I’d start a magazine…
I agree with Aaron both on “correction factor” for well-known (to you) critics, and the worthlessness of aggregator sites. Tho I would say that aggregated ratings can be useful for niche-y kind of films graded by a niche-y kind of community –because now you’re essentially back to applying a correction factor to a known bias. But large scale aggregation is worthless for anything that aspires to “art”.
I think some of the issue is that people feel it’s a critic’s job to say whether the film is ‘good’ or ‘bad’. But, as a reader, I just want information to figure out if I will enjoy it.
That is quite different from being ‘good’ or ‘bad’. I like plenty of ‘bad’ films, just like I like some types of ‘bad’ food. And some types of ‘good’ food (like caviar) I can’t stand.
So, to me, a critic’s job is to provide some extra (albeit biased) information I can use to decide which film to see.
Fundamentally the trailers and ads can’t be enough. After all, you can always have trailers which have all the best scenes.
There was a trailer ages ago that looked like a version of ‘Mr Chips’ .. a nice old teacher helping students. The film turned out to be about pedophilia.
Check out the trailer for Sweeny Todd. It’s a great trailer. But while there may be hints, it fails to mention that if you watch the film you’ll be watching people have their throats slit right in front of you. Graphically. Very graphically. Repeatedly.
Some people don’t want to see that. Some people do.
So to choose which films to see, we need information. More information than just trailers. And a critique that discuss the story’s counter-relationship to a predominant theme in society aren’t going to help give that information !
Mac
In general, I agree with you Craig.
But other comments have added solid dimensions to the issue.
I’m really, really, really OBJECTIVE about movies. I have known friends and mentors who were mercilessly judgmental about things they hadn’t even seen yet. I think it was when I found myself defending some of the good things in Spider-Man 3 that I consciously decided that I was always going to try to find the good and bad when I watched something or talked about it with others.
Now, I don’t think Spider-Man 3 is an especially good movie. It’s crowded, it does a disservice to Venom as a character and everyone just gets lost in the shuffle at one point or another. But I think its an alarmingly good take on what a Stan Lee/Steve Ditko Spider-Man movie from the 60′s might have been like. I don’t know if Mr. Raimi was attempting to do that or not, but I can enjoy it if I come at it from that angle.
I loved SPEED RACER while a lot of people trashed it. I’ve been trying to get the die hard Trekkers to, you know, SEE the new movie before trashing it.
I’m a big proponent that the only way to know if you dig a movie or not is to just go see the damn thing. Go, expect nothing and see what it does for you. You might be surprised.
The realization that this is all incredibly subjective is very, very freeing.
Well, you probably know what I think about film critics (we might have even discussed this once), but overall I think they serve a purpose (what that is isn’t quite clear). I still don’t read ‘em (well not anymore anyway, bastards have had some might unkind things to say about me on certain occasions), preferring instead to find my own way to a film and not to lay unreasonable expectations on something I haven’t watched yet…
Critics tend to validate (and those are the critics people pay attention to) a viewer’s opinion. If audience member X sees a film and thinks it’s great, he’s bound to find a critic that’ll validate that opinion, “Critic Y said the movie was great, I knew it.”
I say, when in doubt, always trust your gut–especially about movies.
It’s important to differentiate between critics and reviewers. Critics do not use grades or numbers. They write CRITICAL analyses of films that are often better understood after having seen the film. They are part of the essential dialogue that goes on between artists and their audience. Reviewers are consumer advocates whose job is to look at things from what is basically a lowest common denominator perspective and give advice to consumers.
I’ve found over time, though, that sites like Metacritic and Rotten Tomatoes do a pretty good job of alerting you to the general quality of a movie. Very few terrible movies score high on either site, and very few great movies get hammered.
I don’t know one single person who will watch (or not watch) a movie based on a review. I’m talking everyone from my film school friends to my friends in the midwest who go to the movies once a year.
In my experience, people read reviews for plot summaries and, occasionally, like Hank Hollyweird said, to justify their own opinion of a movie.
I’ve talked with a film critic (journalist who also writes reviews) recently. He works in the french equivalent of Fangoria and after the reviews pages, there is a page with a big “movies board” where the journalists add a note and a text of about 10 words only for each movie they have watched this month. They HATE to grade movies. But they all do that because it’s what most readers want. They ask for it. If they want an opinion, they don’t want to spend time to read two pages of text. They just want to turn the page, look at the grade, the “10 words opinion” and they decide.
I don’t know how influent they are and I may be wrong but I think a positive review is more influent than a negative review. Generally when you read a critic, this is about a movie that you will want to see. So if it’s positive, it will comfort you in your opinion and you will go to the theaters. But if it’s negative… as most people get curious, you will want to see it anyway. But maybe you will wait a little bit more than expected.
Well, we definitely agree on this. I would actually extend it to include contest readers. They are totally useless. Even beyond useless. If you are trying to determine the quality of a script do you look for “exciting images,” “cool dialog” or some pieced together Syd Field montage?
Most critics and readers don’t judge the MOVIE on what it wants to say – even if it’s just “vengeance costs” – they judge it based on whether something occurs on a certain page or if people play volleyball rather than express their feelings in a relationship.
And to make it even worse there doesn’t seem to be any real “criteria” that all these readers use. I got three TOTALLY DIFFERENT takes on a script from BlueCat which tells me absolutely nothing, except that SUBJECTIVITY SUCKS.
Film criticism has got to work as a piece of journalism (in my opinion). It’s got to measure up independently of the film that’s under review.
Critics have no duties towards filmmakers or actors, they only have duties towards their readers.
A good critic is 1) entertaining, informative and insightful, 2) knows more about films and film history than the majority of his/her readers, 3) a good writer. A good writer is someone who has a measure of originality, surprises you and has something to say.
I agree with most of the critiques of Craig’s argument here. I will add that reviews have nothing to do with criticism (computer game journalism is a very good way to see this).
Additionally, I don’t think Craig is the target market for reviewers. A typical audience member is going for escapism, not to think.
So if you are only going to see one movie a week, you want to maximize reward vs risk, so you try to get as many opinions as possible. Valuing them at whatever you think they are worth.
Reviewers serve this purpose sufficiently, and all rottentomatoes needs to make it better is to let the users rate movies and then match them up with reviewers.
In summary: reviews are not criticism, Craig should not read reviews.
Wow. I think I may have just proven your point…to myself at least. Had zero interest in seeing Marley & Me. Good reviews, bad reviews, grades, just didn’t care. Read that piece you linked to, now I want to see the film. Moved it to top of netflix queue. That is indeed what a real, thoughtful review should do, right? And nary a thumb, grade or star anywhere near it. Good piece, Craig M.
I tried to read it, but couldn’t see the text with all the sparks from the anti-liberal, anti-French (cons, get OVER it, if it wasn’t for the French we’d be speaking the Queen’s English) axe the guy was grinding.
What did you expect from a Christian Libertarian web site?
True, a film review can’t tell you if you’ll enjoy a movie, only if the critic did, but I still read ‘em and I still enjoy ‘em and I can usually tell if it’s the kind of movie I want to see, regardless of whether I think I’ll agree with the critic’s conclusion.
As for that piece of dreck on Marely and Me, that’s not a good film review. It’s a piece of theory, and a pretty lame one at that. Unimpressive, terribly written, and really kind of dull. One might agree with the writer’s point (or not), but even so, it’s hardly brilliant and isn’t very deep. I’m surprised to see you praise it so. Are you sure? Are you sure you weren’t just blinded by your general disregard for film criticism into thinking something that was different was also actually good? Otherwise, I’m confused.
I agree with Paula!
http://www.nyfa.com/film_school/programs/screenwriting/
Individually, I agree that film criticism is almost useless. I’ve often disagreed with my local newspaper critics about many movies. Collectively, though, I find critics incredibly useful, and Rottentomatoes.com is a perfect example. The rating the collective critics give a movie is usually a very good indicator of whether or not a movie is worth seeing. That’s not to say that I’m going to love a movie with a high rating and hate a movie with a low rating, but the chance of me liking a movie with a low rating is extremely low.
What I do is use a website like Rottentomatoes.com as a tool, but not the only tool. I first find out about basic plot. Does it interest me? Do the people behind the film instill me with confidence? How does the trailer look? Lastly, what do the critics think? Using all these methods, I can usually tell whether I will enjoy a movie or not. Sure, sometimes I’m surprised, one way or the other, but for the most part, my method works.
What I don’t do is look at the critic rating and assume I’ll like the movie. It depends on the type of movie.
And the middle ground of ratings clouds things a bit, but it’s still works. I’ve liked movies in the 40-50% range plenty of times, but, to me, that’s in the margin of error. Critics, because of what they do, tend to be harder on movies than most people. A 40-50% rating means that enough critics enjoyed it that there must be something redeeming. I have to say, though, I’ve never liked any movie that has received less than 40% on rottentomatoes.com. Ever. So that says something right there.
Nice post.
Another way for film critics to change their role is to review smaller films, helping them gain exposure. How many reviews of Marley & Me do we really need?
I just watched the movie. Then I went back to read that article, just to make sure I wasn’t misremembering it.
Either the author simply didn’t get the movie, or he twisted his comments on it to conform to the points he was trying to make. Either way, what he wrote is not a very good reflection of it. I’m changing my earlier comment from “its value as film criticism is secondary” to “its value as film criticism is negligible.”
Read that Marley & Me review – unfortunately that is propaganda for a political perspective that uses a film to advance its cause – I see links to “reviews” like that on the other end of the political spectrum all the time – at world socialist forum site (i forget the exact name for the site – WS…), etc. However, that article will sell the movie to audience members who agree with the political perspective being championed by the author but they may be buying something that doesn’t really exist in the movie (on one hand perhaps that does not matter – if a ticket sale is what someone is after). So is that a good review of a movie? Not really, it’s a think piece that tries to tie a set of political ideas to a movie. And that’s cool (but not a good example of a good film review).
Ultimately art/entertainment is beyond politics – politics is too narrow – it’s main aim being organizing people in order to achieve a limited end (such as creating a functioning nation, starting or ending a war, implementing or ending a social control policy, etc.) – politics is too narrow to properly hold the contents of a movie that taps in to greater, beyond politics, human desires, needs, & wants. Art/entertainment, in that sense, is like religion – an attempt by humans to make sense of their existence & to create new ways to deal with the fact that they exist in a complex & mysterious universe. So this is where good film reviews & criticism comes in – in my opinion – to make sense of or to show how the film failed or succeeded in exploring a selected subject or set of subjects that may have to do with the greater mystery of human existence.
However, a film that strictly & openly deals with conservative vs. liberal idealogy may be a good one for the author of that Marley & Me review to write about.
I have not seen Marley & Me but hopefully it is not an attempt to sell a set of political ideas but tells a broader, more universal, beyond the narrow world of politics – human story. Advertising, porn, political propaganda from whatever camp usually makes for bad art/entertainment, in my opinion (or works with very limited uses).
But this post & the discussion is a good one. In one sense I feel like film critics are kind of like priests (and I am an agnostic) – there does not seem to be a whole lot of genuine & urgent use for them, but I am not too comfortable living in a world where they do not exist at all
So yeah, I see film critics & writers as an essential part of culture (or something that should not totally disappear) – when they do their job well they create a forum in which other people can reflect on & engage with a set of ideas related to a movie.
Sujewa,
Re: your paragraph 2 above… Beautifully said.
I think Craig’s view of the validity of critics and the masses view of the validity can be summed up by an actual quote from a friend of mine. His wife has rather large breasts and he really likes to…pretend she’s a hot dog bun, if you know what I mean. Anyway, this is what my friend said to his wife when she told him that she really didn’t enjoy it (for added fun say the below line with a thick New York accent):
Kevin #29: for the sake of harmony in the home, your friend should at least consider switching from spicy brown to plain yellow mustard… and skipping the pickle relish entirely.
Wow. When did smart people start posting here?